A
ABO

Human erythrocyte antigens, A, B, O

Accompany

To go or be together with, but not attached.  Information that must accompany a cellular therapy product must accompany the product in a sealed package, or alternatively, be attached or affixed.

Accuracy

The measure of exactness of an analytical method, or the closeness of agreement between the value which is accepted either as a conventional, true value or an accepted reference value and the value found.

ACD-A

Acid citrate dextrose-formula

Adenovirus

Large group of viruses first isolated from cultures of adenoids. The capsid is an icosahedron of 240 hexons and 12 pentons and is in the form of a base and a fiber with a terminal swelling; the genome consists of a single, linear molecule of double-stranded DNA. They cause various respiratory infections in humans. Some of the avian, bovine, human and simian adenoviruses cause tumors in newborn rodents, generally hamsters. They can be classified into highly; weakly and non- oncogenic viruses from their ability to induce tumors in vivo though all of these groups will transform cultured cells. The viruses are named after their host species and sub-divided into many serological types e.g. Human Adenovirus type 3.

Adverse event

Any unintended and unfavorable sign, symptom, abnormality, or condition temporally associated with an intervention that may or may not have a causal relationship with the intervention, medical treatment, or procedure. Adverse reaction is a type of adverse event.

Adverse reaction

A noxious and unintended response to the collection or infusion of any cellular therapy product for which there is a reasonable possibility that the cellular therapy product caused the response.

Affixed

Attached in physical contact with the cellular therapy product container.

Agglutination

The clumping together of particles, usually by antibody molecules binding to antigens on the surfaces of adjacent particles.  When the particles are red blood cells, the phenomenon is called hemagglutination.

Aggregates

Clumps of particles or cells.  May be due to the release of DNA from cells with membrane damage.

Allogeneic

Cells or tissue derived from a different individual of the same species.

Allograft

A graft or transplant of tissue from an allogeneic donor.  May also be called allotransplant.

Amplify

To increase the number of copies of a DNA sequence, in vivo by inserting into a cloning vector that replicates within a host cell, or in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Anneal

The pairing of complementary DNA or RNA sequences, via hydrogen bonding, to form a double-stranded polynucleotide.  Most often used to describe the binding of a short primer or probe.

Antibody (or Immunoglobulin)

Plasma proteins that bind specifically to particular molecules known as antigens.  Dependent upon the isotype of antibody, the result of binding can be lysis (mediated by complement), opsonization (enhances phagocytosis), or agglutination (can mask antigen sites which may block the function of the antigen).

Antigen presenting cell (APC)

A cell that carries on its surface antigen bound to MHC Class I or Class II molecules, and presents the antigen in this "context" to T-cells.  Includes macrophages, endothelium, dendritic cells and Langerhans cells of the skin.

APC

Allophycocyanin

Apheresis

The collection of a blood component, either cellular or non-cellular in composition, from the circulation.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death. An active process requiring metabolic activity by the dying cell; often characterized by cleavage of the DNA into fragments that gives a so-called "laddering pattern" on gels.  Cells that die by apoptosis do not usually elicit the inflammatory responses that are associated with necrosis, though the reasons are not clear.

Asepsis

Absence of microorganisms that cause disease.