Therapeutic Cells, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte

Therapeutic Cells, Dendritic Cells

Therapeutic Cells, T-cells

Thymidine kinase (TK) (EC 2.7.1.21) is an ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of thymidine.  A comparison of TK sequences has shown [1,2,3] that there are two different families of TK.  One family groups together TK from herpes viruses as well as cellular thymidine kinases, while the second family currently consists of TK from the following sources:

- Vertebrates
- Bacterial
- Bacteriophage T4
- Poxviruses
- African swine fever virus (ASF)
- Fish lymphocystis disease virus (FLDV)

The time of day at the end of the cellular therapy product collection procedure.

Originally the maintenance and growth of pieces of explanted tissue (plant or animal) in culture away from the source organism.  Now usually refers to the (much more frequently used) technique of cell culture, using cells dispersed from tissues, or distant descendants of such cells.

The transfer of a gene from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage.  In generalized transduction any gene may be transferred as a result of accidental incorporation during phage packaging.  In specialized transduction only specific genes can be transferred, as a result of improper recombination out of the host chromosome of the prophage of a lysogenic phage.  Transduction is an infrequent event but transducing phages have proved useful in the genetic analysis of bacteria.

The introduction of DNA into a recipient eukaryote cell and its subsequent integration into the recipient cell's chromosomal DNA.  Usually accomplished using DNA precipitated with calcium ions though a variety of other methods can be used (e.g. electroporation).  Only about 1% of cultured cells are normally transfected.  Transfection is analogous to bacterial transformation but in eukaryotes transformation is used to describe the changes in cultured cells caused by tumor viruses.  Though originally used to describe the situation in which the transfected DNA is integrated, it is now frequently used just to mean introduction of DNA into a target cell, hence the necessity to specify stable transfection.

The infusion of autologous, syngeneic or allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells with the intent of providing transient or permanent engraftment in support of therapy of disease.  Transplant are most commonly performed for the treatment of leukemia (see above) but may also be commonly used for the following diagnoses under protocols at MCW:

Germ Cell Tumors
Hodgkin’s Disease (HD)
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Multiple Myeloma (MM)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Neuroblastoma
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL)
Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA)
Systemic Sclerosis (also called Sclerodema)
Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA)
Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)

The physical act of transferring a cellular therapy product within or between facilities.  During transportation the product does not leave the control of trained personnel at the transporting or receiving facility.

Biological stain used to determine cell viability.  Trypan blue is unable to penetrate intact plasma membranes, and so only labels dead cells.

Hematopoietic cells collected from the placental and umbilical cord blood vessels after the umbilical cord is clamped and/or sectioned.  These cells are of fetal origin and are enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells to levels equal to or greater than bone marrow.  Proper FACT name is Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells, Cord Blood (HPC-C).  This terminology should be used in all relevant laboratory documents.

Hematopoietic progenitor cells as obtained at the time of collection and not subjected to any form of manipulation.

Ultraviolet

The cowpox virus used to vaccinate against smallpox and, experimentally, as a carrier of genes for antigenic determinants cloned from other disease organisms.

Establishing documented evidence that provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its predetermined specifications and quality attributes.  A process is validated to evaluate the performance of a system with regard to its effectiveness based on intended use.

An autonomously replicating DNA molecule into which foreign DNA fragments are inserted and then propagated in a host cell. Also living carriers of genetic material (such as pollen) from plant to plant, such as insects.

Gathering information by investigation that a process is true or correct.

An infectious particle composed of a protein capsule and a nucleic acid core, which is dependent on a host organism for replication.  A double-stranded DNA copy of an RNA virus genome that is integrated into the host chromosome during lysogenic infection.

White blood cells